Le tweet-inspiration :
@squintar je n’ai pas l’impression d’avoir été mieux nourri que ma petite sœur aînée…
— jj (@jeremjacob) January 24, 2014
Et votre arrière grand-mère ? Et les mille générations précédentes ? On parle de sélection sur des gènes, ça prend du temps :). PHG
Pour savoir si les filles mangent autant que les garçons dans une famille, il ne faut pas le croire, mais le vérifier, en voyant dans quel ordre et selon quelles quantités les uns et les autres sont servis et resservis, quel est l’impact du grignotage, etc.
Ou alors le mesurer…
Voici une rapide compilation biblio sur l’apport des isotopes de l’azote et du carbone mesurés sur collagène ou apatite de restes humains. Si quelques études n’indiquent pas de différence liée au genre, celles qui indiquent des différences rapportent systématiquement un régime plus protéiné pour les hommes que pour les femmes.
No sex-related differences :
– Killgrove, K., Tykot, R.H., 2013. Food for Rome: A stable isotope investigation of diet in the Imperial period (1st–3rd centuries AD). Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 32, 28-38.
– Rebecca C. Redfern, Christine Hamlin, Nancy Beavan Athfield, 2010. Temporal changes in diet: a stable isotope analysis of late Iron Age and Roman Dorset, Britain. Journal of Archaeological Science 37, 1149-1160.
– M. Arnay-de-la-Rosa, A. Gámez-Mendoza, J.F. Navarro-Mederos, J.C. Hernández-Marrero, R. Fregel, Y. Yanes, L. Galindo-Martín, C.S. Romanek, E. González-Reimers, 2009. Dietary patterns during the early prehispanic settlement in La Gomera (Canary Islands). Journal of Archaeological Science 36, 1972-1981.
– Gregoricka, L.A., Sheridan, S.G., 2013. Ascetic or affluent? Byzantine diet at the monastic community of St. Stephen’s, Jerusalem from stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 32, 63-73.
– Le Huray, J.D., Schutkowski, H., 2005. Diet and social status during the La Tène period in Bohemia: Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of bone collagen from Kutná Hora-Karlov and Radovesice. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 24, 135-147.
Sex-related differences :
– Craig, O., Biazzo, M., O’Connell, T., Garnsey, P., Martinez-Labarga, C., Lelli, R., Salvadei, L., Tartaglia, G., Nava, A., Renò, L., et al., 2009. Stable isotopic evidence for diet at the Imperial Roman coastal site of Velia (1st and 2nd centuries AD) in southern Italy. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 139, 572–583.
– M. Arnay-de-la-Rosa, E. González-Reimers, Y. Yanes, C.S. Romanek, J.E. Noakes, L. Galindo-Martín, 2011. Paleonutritional and paleodietary survey on prehistoric humans from Las Cañadas del Teide (Tenerife, Canary Islands) based on chemical and histological analysis of bone. Journal of Archaeological Science 38, 884-895
– Stanley H. Ambrose, Jane Buikstra, Harold W. Krueger, 2003. Status and gender differences in diet at Mound 72, Cahokia, revealed by isotopic analysis of bone. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 22, 217-226.
– Laurie J. Reitsema, Douglas E. Crews, Marek Polcyn, 2010. Preliminary evidence for medieval Polish diet from carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes. Journal of Archaeological Science 37, 1413-1423.
– Raymond P. Mauldin, Robert J. Hard, Cynthia M. Munoz, Jennifer L.Z. Rice, Kirsten Verostick, Daniel R. Potter, Nathanael Dollar, 2013. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of hunter–gatherers from the Coleman site, a Late Prehistoric cemetery in Central Texas. Journal of Archaeological Science 40, 1369-1381.
– Jessica Pearson, Matt Grove, Metin Özbek, Hitomi Hongo, 2013. Food and social complexity at Çayönü Tepesi, southeastern Anatolia: Stable isotope evidence of differentiation in diet according to burial practice and sex in the early Neolithic. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 32, 180-189.
Citations
LeHurray et Schutkowski, 2005
In examining dental health, diet, and social status in modern African pygmies and Bantu, Walker and Hewlett (1990) observed significant differences in the frequency of carious lesions between men and women and between leaders and non-leaders,this was interpreted as the result of socially induced differences in access to animal protein since
those individuals eating more meat products consumed less carbohydrate rich plant foods.
Mauldin et al., 2013 :
« Higher d15N values in males are common in the literature, with differences reported for avariety of locations and time periods (e.g., Ambrose et al., 2003; Craiget al., 2009; Richards et al., 2006; Schurr and Powell, 2005). Unlike the Coleman sample, most of these cases are agriculturally based. Possible explanations for these differences in these cases include differential access to foods as a function of status (e.g., Ambrose et al., 2003) as well at physiological differences related to the short-term impacts of pregnancy (e.g., Fuller et al., 2004, 2006; Schurr and Powell, 2005). Reported cases of nitrogen differences between males and females among hunter gatherer groups, who are assumed to have widespread food
sharing practices, are not common in the literature (but see Kusaka et al., 2010). We assume that differences in our sample most likely reflect differential food access rather than any
“pregnancy effect,” the short-term impact of which might be difficult to document in collagen (see Nitsch et al., 2010). While it is possible that the nitrogen differences, like the carbon differences noted previously, are related to patterns of mate exchange, it is also possible that the differences reflect a sexual division of labor, with males having greater access to foods with higher d15N values because of a more direct involvement in their acquisition. »
Combien de temps ? C’est la mon principal souci. En s’appuyant sur de nombreux exemples actuels ou sub-actuels (statistiques démographiques, comportements…) le documentaire laisse à penser que cette sélection est un résultat récent de notre société, lié aux inégalités que nous constatons quotidiennement. Mais à part la pirouette sur le sexe de Lucy (je suis surpris que la taille ait été le seul critère pour définir son genre), il n’y a pas d’information.